雅思寫作：Task 1小作文折線圖分析與寫作方式

這篇文章針對雅思寫作小作文分析型圖表的第一種：折線圖（line graph）。

（2026 年 10 月更新：考試制度與規定以 IELTS 官網、British Council、IDP 的最新公告為準。）

重點整理｜折線圖的三個重點

1. 先看起點和終點，誰最高、誰最低
2. 找變化最大的線和交叉點
3. 把趨勢相近的線放在同一段

雅思小作文第一部分有六種不同的圖表，其中四種是分析型的，包括：折線圖、長條圖、表格、圓餅圖，另外兩種是描述型的圖表，包括：地圖、流程圖。在分析型圖表裡面，折線圖算是最單純的一種，它主要的目的在於表達趨勢，因此折線圖的寫作重點就是針對趨勢上面的描述跟比較。這篇文章分成三個部分：如何分析折線圖、折線圖架構內容分配，以及折線圖寫作範例。

如何分析折線圖？

分析折線圖時有幾個步驟：

A. 看頭看尾：看第一年與最後一年的趨勢，誰最高、誰最低，並比較數字上的高低差。例如比較起始年與結束年的數據，可以得知各國家隨時間變化的整體增減趨勢。

B. 上下變化：觀察整個時間段上的趨勢走向（增加、減少或持平），並留意誰的變化幅度最大、跟其他人不同。

C. 交叉處：留意折線圖中是否有交叉點，也就是某條線在某個時間點超過了另一條線。

折線圖寫作架構與內容分配

雅思寫作小作文一般會分成三到四段：

第一段 Introduction：改寫題目並介紹圖表主要內容，使用現在式進行描述。

Overview 段落：包含主要趨勢，也就是整體比較最重要的資訊（例如誰最高、誰最低、整體增減方向），不需要寫出細節數據。

Feature 段落：分成兩段，把數據依據相似趨勢分組描述（例如趨勢相近的兩個對象放在同一段），並在這裡寫出詳細數據。段落安排的邏輯性也是評分標準的一部分。

折線圖寫作範例

（下面的範文對應這張範例圖表，數字為教學用。）

"The line graph illustrates the expenditure on books in four different countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Austria) from 1995 to 2005. The amounts are represented in millions of US dollars.

Overall, Germany consistently spent the most on books throughout the decade while in 1995, Austria spent the least on books, but in 2005, Italy ranked the least in terms of money spent on books among these four countries. Despite the changes, the money spent on books in these four countries had all increased by the end of the period.

Germany's expenditure on books was the highest in 1995, at around 80 million dollars. This figure saw a gradual rise, peaking at about 95 million dollars in 1999, before experiencing a slight decline and then climbing again to finish at approximately 90 million dollars by 2005. Italy's expenditure was initially close to France's, starting at around 50 million dollars. It experienced some fluctuations, dropping slightly between 1997 and 1999, but then gradually increasing, ending the period at just under 60 million dollars.

France started at 55 million dollars in 1995 and showed a steady upward trend, reaching around 75 million dollars in 2005. Despite some fluctuations, France's spending grew consistently throughout the period. Austria began with the lowest expenditure, approximately 30 million dollars in 1995. It showed a remarkable increase, especially between 2001 and 2003, where spending rose sharply from about 40 million dollars to nearly 70 million dollars. By 2005, Austria's expenditure had more than doubled, reaching around 70 million dollars, overtaking Italy and closing in on France.

In conclusion, while Germany remained the highest spender on books throughout the decade, Austria demonstrated the most dramatic increase in expenditure. France and Italy also increased their spending, but at a more moderate pace compared to Austria."

資料來源：IELTS 官網（ielts.org）、British Council、IDP IELTS，2026 年 10 月查證。考試規定可能調整，報名前請以官方最新公告為準。